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Day 1: July 1, 1863 - Rodes Arrives
After Heth's
failed attack, Rodes' division approached Gettysburg from the
northeast along Harrisburg Road. Early's division shortly
followed behind Rodes. Upon nearing Gettysburg, Rodes
headed southwest towards Oak Ridge where he observed
Cutler's
brigade preparing for an attack from Heth. Approaching
unhindered, Rodes placed 16 guns of LtC Thomas
Carter's
artillery battalion upon Oak Hill and commenced to shell
Cutler's
startled troops.
General Robinson
ordered Baxter's
brigade to position north against Rodes' approaching division.
Also, Howard's
XI Corps had begun to arrive from the south and started deploying to the east.
Rodes, sensing his advantage evaporate, decided to immediately
attack. Unfortunately, the attack was poorly coordinated and ran into problems.
Iverson's and O'Neal's brigades were ordered to
advance along Oak Ridge and attack
Baxter's
newly acquired position. Instead, Iverson delayed the attack
so that the artillery atop Oak Hill could inflict more damage upon
Baxter. The
left O'Neal in front alone and approaching
Baxter who
was positioned behind a stone wall along Mummasburg Road.
Baxter made
short work of O'Neal and inflicted over 40% casualties (both
O'Neal and Iverson themselves amazingly did not
accompany their brigades). Iverson now followed along the
western slope of Oak Ridge (on what would've been to O'Neal's
right). Now that O'Neal had retreated, Iverson's left
flank was completely exposed. With O'Neal out of the way,
Baxter
was able to shift its complete attention to Iverson. Iverson's
brigade marched blindly into
Baxter's
awaiting brigade with devastating results. An amazing 70% of the brigade were
either captured or became casualties. These two Rodes'
brigades had effectively been destroyed.
Rodes then ordered Daniel and Ramseur
into the battle. Daniel
planned to march southward along the western slope of the ridge, out of range
of Robinson's
brigades and swing around to attack
Cutler's
left flank. But, as it approached Chambersburg Pike, it encountered
Stone's
brigade which had been positioned along the railroad cut. Despite heavy
casualties on both sides,
Stone managed
to hold the cut. Ramseur on the other hand, marched along Iverson's
previous route following Oak Ridge. By this time,
Robinson had
reinforced Baxter's
position at Mummasburg Road with
Paul's
brigade. This time, Ramseur attacked
Baxter and
Paul
until they ran low on ammunition and slowly forced to retreat with heavy
casualties.
The remaining stretched in anticipation of Early's soon
arrival. Sensing a good vantage point, part of Doles
' brigade attempted to occupy a small knoll to the west of Harrisburg Road.
Barlow
also eyed this knoll and sent
Van Gilsa forward
to extend the Union right flank. In order to compensate for
Barlow's
advance position, Schurz
ordered Schimmelfennig
forward to align with Van
Gilsa and
Paul.
Barlow
and Schurz
had barely positioned their divisions when Early's division
approached from the northeast along Harrisburg Road. BG Gordon's
brigade led the attack and charged
Van Gilsa while BG
Hays and Col Avery attacked
Ames' right
flank. Barlow's
forward position was exposed and could not be held (in fact, his men began
running as soon as Gordon attacked). Doles,
seizing on the opportunity, attacked
Schurz and soon both Union divisions were sent
retreating towards town.
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