* Total Confederate casualties have been estimated to be as great as 28,000. It is usually agreed that total Confederate casualties numbered at least 1/3 of Lee's army.

** Casualties generally included anyone who deserted, was captured, missing, wounded, or killed. In essence, if a soldier was not present during muster, he could likely be counted as a casualty.

The following casualties are based on official losses (Union) and official and estimated losses (Confederate) for the 3-day battle:

After the battle, Lee retreated west and southwest through Hagerstown, Maryland and into Virginia. Imboden's wagon train, composing of wagons and ambulances, stretched for over 17 miles. Meade considered pursuit, but determined that the defensive nature of the Appalachian passes prohibited full pursuit. Meade did harass Lee's retreat - which resulted in minor skirmishes and capture of various Confederate units, but full pursuit did not materialize. Meade's decision not to pursue Lee angered Lincoln, who expected a decisive victory. Also, the lack of vigorous pursuit showed Meade as being too cautious.